Morphometric Comparison and Prognostic Analysis of Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors with Eruption Disturbances-A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the morphometrics of permanent maxillary central incisors with and without eruption disturbances, while simultaneously evaluating prognosis based on different factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with unilateral permanent maxillary central incisor eruption disturbances were included. Within a group of 70 subjects, measurements were taken for both normally erupted central incisors and central incisors with eruption disturbances to determine the length of the roots and the volume of the teeth. Various factors, such as angulation of impaction, and vertical height of impaction, were assessed to investigate their correlation with surgical intervention. RESULTS: Both the root length and tooth volume were significantly smaller in the eruption disturbance incisors than in the normally erupted incisors (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in surgical intervention among cases with no clear physical barrier (primary retention) (p < 0.05) or when adjacent normally erupted central incisors exhibited more than 2/3 of root development (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study numerically demonstrated the delayed tooth development of the permanent maxillary central incisors with unilateral eruption disturbances compared to appropriately erupted incisors by measuring root length and tooth volume. The absence of obstacles and the degree of root development in adjacent erupted incisors might serve as factors for clinicians to determine the necessity and timing of surgical intervention.

Entire Dental Arch Mesial Movement after Extraction of Maxillary Right Central Incisor due to Root Fracture Treated with Temporary Anchorage Devices.

This case report describes a 19-year-old woman with skeletal Class I crowding and an unsalvageable maxillary right central incisor. She visited our clinic with the chief complaint of mobility of the maxillary right central incisor due to a traffic accident. After extraction of the maxillary right central incisor, the space was closed orthodontically. All the maxillary right teeth were moved mesially with an elastic chain attached to a palatal lever arm which was connected to palatal temporary anchorage devices (TADs). After orthodontic treatment had been completed, the maxillary right lateral incisor and peg-shaped left lateral incisor were restored with a porcelain laminate veneer. The maxillary right canine was morphologically reshaped and built up with composite resin. Consequently, esthetically ideal occlusion and functional lateral guidance with uncontacted molars were obtained. These results show that mesial movement of the entire dental arch with TADs is a useful orthodontic treatment option in patients in whom the maxillary central incisor has been extracted.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor in association with taurodontism and oligodontia: A case report.

In this case report, we have highlighted the probability of coinciding multiple dental anomalies, such as SMMCI, taurodontism, and oligodontia. Thus, further research is necessary to establish a correlation between oligodontia, taurodontism, and SMMCI.

Estimation of dental age using the kvaal method with digital panoramic radiographs in peruvian adults / Estimación de la edad dental según el método de Kvaal con radiografías panorámicas digitales en adultos peruanos

To determine the accuracy of the Kvaal method in the estimation of dental age through the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs of patients between 20 and 47 years of age who attended the stomatological clinic of the Universidad Científica del Sur, (2018 to 2019), Lima-Perú. 289 digital panoramic radiographs belonging to individuals of both sexes, aged 20 to 47 years were analyzed. Length and width measurements were obtained in the dental and pulp chamber in the upper central incisors. These data were subsequently evaluated by calculating the proportions between the pulp and root length of the upper central incisor by applying the formula of the method of Kvaal et al. to obtain the accuracy of the method in estimating dental age. Applying the formula of Kvaal et al. indicates that the relationship between the width of the pulp and the length of the root has a higher level of significance in relation to others proportions: M mean value of all ratios except T (-0.659) and W-L difference between W and L (-0.643). The coefficient of determination (r²) and standard error of estimation (SEE) using the original Kvaal formula is r²: 0.70, SEE: 4.90 years, then a modified Kvaal formula was proposed for the Peruvian population. The Method of Kvaal et al. has an accuracy of 1.24 in estimating the dental age of individuals, using the upper central incisor in digital panoramic radiographs.

Determinar la precisión del método de Kvaal en la estimación de la edad dental mediante el análisis de radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes entre 20 a 47 años atendidos en la clínica estomatológica de la Universidad Científica del Sur, (2018 a 2019), Lima-Perú. Se analizaron 289 radiografías panorámicas digitales pertenecientes a individuos de ambos sexos, de 20 a 47 años. Se obtuvo medidas de longitud y anchura en la cámara dental y pulpar en los incisivos centrales superiores. Estos datos se valoraron posteriormente al calcular las proporciones entre la pulpa y longitud de la raíz del incisivo central superior aplicando la fórmula del método de Kvaal et al. para obtener la precisión del método en la estimación de la edad dental. Al aplicar la fórmula de Kvaal et al. indica que la relación entre la anchura de pulpa y la longitud de la raíz presentan un nivel de significancia mayor en relación a otras proporciones: M valor medio de todas las proporciones excepto T (-0.659) y W-L: diferencia entre los valores de W y L (-0.643). El coeficiente de determinación (r²) y el error estándar de la estimación (SEE) utilizando la fórmula original de Kvaal es de r²: 0.70, SEE: 4.90 años, después se propuso una fórmula modificada de Kvaal para la población peruana. El Método de Kvaal et al. tiene una precisión del 1.24 en la estimación de la edad dental de los individuos, utilizando el incisivo central superior en radiografías panorámicas digitales.

Sagittal Position of the Upper Incisor in Relation to the Forehead in Peruvian Individuals with Different Skeletal Relationships.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the sagittal position of the upper incisor considering Andrews' analysis based on the position of the forehead in Peruvian individuals with different skeletal relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 212 lateral head radiographs of Peruvian individuals (males: 85, mean age 21.38 ± 6.88, and females: 127, mean age 21.18 ± 6.95), with different skeletal relationships (Class I group = 96, Class II group = 57, Class III group = 59). The values of the ANB, SNA, SNB angles as well as the forehead anterior limit line (FALL) and goal anterior limit line (GALL) points were identified in the radiographs, and then a vertical line was drawn in each point to determine if the upper incisor was positioned forward (protruded), backward (retruded) or within (adequate) these lines. Two trained and calibrated investigators performed all the measurements. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate associations. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Overall, the sagittal position of the upper incisor showed a significant association with the sagittal skeletal relationship (p = 0.001). The upper incisors showed an adequate position (41.7%), protruded position (56.10%), and retruded position (42.40%), for Class I, II, and III skeletal relationships, respectively, as highest percentages in each Class. Statistical significance was found for females only (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Skeletal Class I mainly showed an adequate position of the upper central incisor, whereas for Class II a protruded position was most frequently found, and Class III presented a retruded position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Andrews' analysis based on the position of the forehead in Peruvian individuals is a valuable tool for orthodontic diagnosis. How to cite this article: Bazán-Mendoza JR, Arias-Modesto PB, Ruíz-Mora GA, et al. Sagittal Position of the Upper Incisor in Relation to the Forehead in Peruvian Individuals with Different Skeletal Relationships. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(11):821-825.

Osteogenic distraction to treat solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome: a case report.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by a single symmetrical maxillary central incisor. Only a small number of cases with comprehensive dental treatment have been reported in the literature. No surgical treatment has been proposed before. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented SMMCI syndrome associated with an Angle class II occlusion and a maxillary transverse deficiency. After the failure of two rapid maxillary expansions, a surgical option was proposed: osteogenic maxillary distraction. The distraction, associated with multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment, created enough space to place a prosthetic central incisor without dental extractions. Osteogenic distraction is an interesting option to treat patients with SMMCI.

Estimation and comparative evaluation of tip and torque values of Saudis for bracket prescription.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at determining the tip and torque values of the teeth of Saudi adults with normal occlusion to develop orthodontic bracket prescription. In addition, we proposed to compare the results with published data of varied geographical distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 upper and lower study models of Saudi adults (30 males and 30 females) with normal occlusion and a balanced facial profile. Evaluated by experts, the torque and tip of teeth were measured using a torque angulation device. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Inc., version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The mean, and standard deviation were obtained for each measurement. Paired t-test, Independent t-test and student t-test were used for the comparison at a significant level of (p ≤ 0.05). RESULT: The results of torque and tip of teeth for the Saudi adult population showed no significant differences between the right and the left quadrants of the analyzed study sample. In general, there was no significant observed difference between male and female samples, accordingly, the Saudi tip and torque data were combined. However, the comparisons of the combined Saudi data to the published data showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Statistically Significant differences were found between the combined Saudi data when compared to North American, Italian, African, Japanese, and Indian data. We inferred, that racial differences should be considered when presenting bracket prescriptions.

Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females.

OBJECTIVE: Digital twins of adult Korean females were created as a tool to evaluate and compare the sagittal relationship between the maxillary central incisors and the forehead before and after orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Digital twins were reconstructed for a total of 50 adult female patients using facial scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead inclination were measured. RESULTS: The control group presented a mean of 6.7 mm for the sagittal position and 17.5° for forehead inclination. The study group showed a mean of 9.3 mm for the sagittal position and 13.6° for forehead inclination. Most Korean females seeking orthodontic treatment had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. In contrast, fewer Korean females who completed their orthodontic treatments had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. Furthermore, patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment were more likely to have the maxillary central incisor between the forehead facial axis and glabella. CONCLUSION: The use of digital twins for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the profile implies a high clinical significance. In addition, as the facial profile of Koreans is different from that of Caucasians, careful consideration should be made when setting treatment goals for the anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

Percepción estética de la posición anteroposterior de los incisivos superiores en relación con la frente / Esthetic perception of the anteroposterior position of upper incisors in relation to the forehead

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento ortodóntico tiene como objetivos fundamentales el logro de relaciones oclusales estables y la mejora en la expresión de la sonrisa. Particularmente, la posición de los incisivos centrales superiores presenta un rol importante en esta expresión y se ha sugerido el uso de referencias extracraneales para su correcta posición tridimensional. Conocer las preferencias de los distintos actores sociales respecto a este factor puede ayudar a las decisiones en la planificación de los tratamientos. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción estética que ortodoncistas, cirujanos dentistas y personas no expertas tienen de la sonrisa con el incisivo central superior en posición anteroposterior respecto a la frente y en norma lateral. Métodos: Se empleó una fotografía en norma lateral en sonrisa de una mujer peruana con perfil normal y posición anteroposterior del incisivo central superior ideal según el elemento II de la armonía orofacial de Andrews. La fotografía fue modificada digitalmente de tal forma que se obtuvieron imágenes con los incisivos retruídos (- 4 mm) y protruidos (+ 4 mm). Las fotografías fueron evaluadas por un panel conformado por ortodoncistas, cirujanos dentistas y personas no expertas. La evaluación se realizó a través de una escala visual análoga. Resultados: La fotografía con la posición normal del incisivo central superior con respecto a la línea GALL fue mejor valorada por los ortodoncistas (67,658 ± 22,094) y por los no expertos (54,038 ± 20,524). Los cirujanos dentistas consideraron más agradable la posición protruida (60,804 ± 3,626). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de evaluadores y las fotografías (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los ortodoncistas mostraron una valoración de la estética más cercana a la norma para la posición anteroposterior de los incisivos. La posición anteroposterior de los incisivos juega un rol importante en la percepción de la estética de la sonrisa en norma lateral(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is mainly aimed at achieving stable occlusal relationships and enhancing the smile expression. The position of the upper central incisors plays a particularly important role in such an expression, and extracranial references have been suggested for its proper three-dimensional position. Awareness of the preferences of the various social actors involved may be useful to make appropriate decisions when planning the treatments. Objective: Evaluate the esthetic perception that orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople have of the smile with the upper central incisor in anteroposterior position with respect to the forehead and in lateral norm. Methods: A lateral norm photograph was used of a Peruvian woman with a normal profile and ideal anteroposterior position of the upper central incisor according to element II of Andrews' orofacial harmony. The photograph was digitally modified to obtain images with retruding (- 4 mm) and protruding (+ 4 mm) incisors. The photographs were evaluated by a panel composed of orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople. The evaluation was based on a visual analog scale. Results: The photograph with normal position of the upper central incisor with respect to the GALL line was ranked higher by orthodontists (67.658 ± 22.094) and laypeople (54.038 ± 20.524). To dental surgeons the protruded position was nicer (60.804 ± 3.626). Significant differences were found between the groups of evaluators and the photographs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The esthetic appraisal of orthodontists was closer to the norm for anteroposterior position of incisors. The anteroposterior position of incisors plays an important role in the esthetic perception of the smile in the lateral norm(AU)

Relationships between the upper central incisor crown forms and degree of labial inclination, overbite, and overjet in Japanese young adults.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the crown form of the upper central incisor and their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary and mandibular casts of 169 healthy dentitions were subjected to 3D dental scanning, and analyzed using CAD software. The crown forms were divided into tapered, square, and ovoid based on the mesiodistal dimensions at 20% of the crown height to that at 40%. The degree of labial inclination of the upper central incisor was defined as the angle between the occlusal plane and the line connecting the incisal edge and tooth cervix. The incisal edges of the right upper and lower central incisor that in contact with lines parallel to the occlusal plane were used to determine the overbite and overjet. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet among the crown forms. RESULTS: The crown forms were classified into three types; crown forms with a 20%/40% dimension ratio of 1.00±0.01 were defined as square, >1.01 as tapered, and <0.99 as ovoid. The labial inclination degree was the greatest in tapered and the least in square. Both overbite and overjet in tapered and ovoid were higher than those in square. CONCLUSION: Upper central incisor crown forms were related to their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. It was suggested that the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet should be taken into consideration for the prosthetic treatment or restoring the front teeth crowns.

Alveolar Bone and Epithelial Attachment Status following Two Different Closed-eruption Surgical Techniques for Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors.

AIM: Two eruption surgical techniques are commonly described for the treatment of upper impacted central incisors (ICIs): Open and closed. Currently, the closed-eruption surgical technique (CEST) is the most commonly used, as it allows for the best esthetic and periodontal results.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of traction discontinuation on maxillary central incisor sulcal depth and alveolar bone ridge levels compared with contralateral incisors, when CEST is used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study involved 28 unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors treated by CEST. Thirteen teeth were subjected to traction interruption for a month at the time of emergence of the crown, while 15 teeth underwent continuous traction. One year after treatment, periapical digital X-rays, anterosuperior cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scanning, and periodontal probing of the ICIs and contralateral central incisors (CCIs) were performed. Student's t-test was used to study whether a statistically significant difference between continuous and interrupted tractions takes place while using the CCI measurements as reference. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the two techniques only for the following measurements: Mesial probing (p-value 0.039352), labial bone level (p-value 2.58E-08), and palatal bone level (p-value 2.56E-06). LIMITATIONS: A larger sample size and longer term follow-up are needed to draw more robust conclusions. CONCLUSION: A temporary discontinuation during traction of the tooth appears to positively impact treatment outcome on ICIs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: • The CEST leads to the best periodontal status for ICIs.• The discontinuation of traction at the emergence of the tooth allows the supracrestal fibers to insert into the cement in a proper way.How to cite this article: Sfeir E, Gholmieh M, Skaf Z, Mourad A. Alveolar Bone and Epithelial Attachment Status following Two Different Closed-eruption Surgical Techniques for Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):317-322.

Swinging Replantation: A Possible Protocol for the Management of Inverted Impacted Upper Central Incisor Tooth.

INTRODUCTION: Inverted tooth impaction is a rare occurrence. Third molar impaction is the most extensively studied, and only eight cases of inverted third molars have been reported in a literature search of 40 years from 1973 to 2013. In a study, 43.4% of the premaxillary supernumeraries were inverted and 21.1% were transversely oriented, while occasional inverted central incisors have been mentioned in the literature. Severe dilaceration makes the management of this case a big challenge. The case of an 8-year-old boy with an inverted, rotated, and impacted upper left central incisor obstructed by an odontome is presented here. Under local anesthesia, the odontome was excised; the inverted tooth was swung and repositioned. The patient experienced uneventful healing, and with 30 months follow-up, progressive tooth eruption has been observed. Vitality test is positive, while radiologically there was no sign of resorption. Swinging replantation is a protocol that has been used for the management of an inverted, rotated, and impacted central incisor. Open root apex is an important factor in the selection of the method. The minimal periodontal damage prevents inflammatory and replacement resorption. With some clear advantages over options like orthodontic and prosthetic replacement, it could be a method to be considered in the management of severely dilacerated central incisors. The clinical significance is that even though management of a severely malpositioned tooth has always been a big challenge in dental practice, requiring extraction and prosthodontic replacement, swinging replantation provides a possible protocol of tooth retention, i.e., less expensive and associated with fewer hospital visits.

Variation in fluorosis and caries experience among Lithuanian 12 year olds exposed to more than 1 ppm F in tap water.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to analyze caries experience in relation to the occurrence of fluorosis in 12 year olds in a natural fluoride area. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-year-old lifetime residents (n = 301) of Klaipeda, Lithuania, where the natural fluoride content is 1.7-2.2 ppm F. Data collection included a clinical dental examination and an inquiry about toothbrushing habits. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria and described in terms of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT)/decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) indices and decayed, filled surfaces (DFS) on selected proximal surfaces. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index and categorized as none (TF = 0), mild (TF = 1-2), moderate (TF = 3-7), or severe (TF = 8-9). The χ(2)-, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression served for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 34% of the 12 year olds studied had no signs of fluorosis, while the rest had mild (42%) or moderate (24%) fluorosis. Caries experience was negatively related to the presence of fluorosis. When present (TF > 0), the mean DMFT was 1.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.7) versus 2.6 (SD: 2.3) in the absence of fluorosis (TF = 0, P = 0.008). The corresponding mean DMFS values were 2.6 (SD: 3.1) versus 3.8 (SD: 4.3, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The presence of fluorosis associates with lesser caries experience in 12-year-old lifetime residents of an area with moderately-elevated natural fluoride.

Use of Cone-beam Computed Tomography during Retreatment of a 2-rooted Maxillary Central Incisor: Case Report of a Complex Diagnosis and Treatment.

A double-rooted maxillary incisor is an extremely rare anatomic variation. Only a few case reports describe this abnormal anatomy. In recent decades, cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging has become more common for endodontic purposes. This case report describes the retreatment of double-rooted maxillary central incisors using CBCT imaging. In 2012, a 20-year-old man was referred to our department because of asymptomatic periapical lesions in teeth #8, #9, and #10. During the evaluation of a periapical radiograph, a rare anatomic variation, in the form of an additional root of tooth #9, was detected, and it was impossible to decide about the source of the lesion between teeth #9 and #10. During retreatment, after gutta-percha removal, CBCT imaging was performed; this allowed proper treatment of the additional root and a final diagnosis of normal periapical tissue of tooth #10 with no treatment needed. The 18-month follow-up revealed a healing lesion in tooth #9 and normal periapical tissue in tooth #10. During the treatment of teeth with an anatomic variation, CBCT imaging can serve as an auxiliary tool for 3-dimensional evaluation that influences treatment steps and techniques. CBCT scanning can be very useful in assessing the actual location of a periapical lesion, which influences diagnosis and treatment planning.

Relationship between the shape of the upper central incisors and the facial contour in dental students: Lima, Peru / Relación entre la forma de los incisivos centrales superiores y el contorno facial en estudiantes de odontología: Lima, Perú

Determine the relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the upper right central incisor according to “The law of harmony” proposed by Williams. Materials and methods: This was an observational, analytic and cross-sectional study. A sample of 124 subjects, male and female students between 17 and 28 years old, was selected for the research. Their facial biotype and the shape of their upper right central incisor were determined by means of direct and photographic methods. Height and facial width were clinically evaluated using the direct method, and the proximal contours of the incisors were evaluated using a Vernier digital caliper. Images were downloaded to a computer and analyzed by means of the photographic method using Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Results: The relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the incisor was positive in 43.5 percent of the sample (p=0.006) in the direct method. In the photographic method, the relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the incisor was positive in 41.1 percent of the sample (p=0.037). The most frequent facial biotype in the direct and photographic methods was the dolichofacial with 61.3 percent and 71 percent respectively. The most frequent shape of the tooth with the direct and photographic methods was the ovoid with 55.6 percent and 51.6 percent respectively. Conclusion: Results do not confirm “The law of harmony” proposed by Williams, therefore when choosing the most suitable anterior tooth, experience and criteria of the dentist as well as the opinion of the patient should be taken in account in order to achieve a good aesthetic result...

Determinar la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo central superior derecho según la “ley de la armonía” propuesta por Williams. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue observacional analítico de tipo transversal, se seleccionó una muestra de 124 estudiantes de ambos sexos entre 17 y 28 años de edad, a los cuales se determinó el biotipo facial y la forma del incisivo central superior derecho, por medio de un método directo y otro fotográfico. Por el método directo se evaluó clínicamente la altura y el ancho facial así como también los contornos proximales del incisivo utilizando un Vernier digital y por el método fotográfico se realizaron trazos en las imágenes tomadas utilizando el software de Adobe Photoshop 5.0 Resultados: Por el método directo la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo fue positiva en un 43.5 por ciento de la muestra (p= 0.006). Por el método fotográfico la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo fue positiva en un 41.1 por ciento de la muestra (p=0.037). El biotipo facial con mayor frecuencia por el método directo y fotográfico fue el dolicofacial en un 61.3 por ciento y 71 por ciento respectivamente. La forma del diente con mayor frecuencia por el método directo y fotográfico fue el ovoide en un 55.6 por ciento y 51.6 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados no confirman la “ley de la armonía” propuesta por Williams, por lo tanto al momento de seleccionar el diente anterior más adecuado, se debe tener en cuenta la experiencia y el sentido crítico del profesional así como los deseos del propio paciente con el fin de alcanzar un buen resultado estético...

A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea.

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop® 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.

A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.

A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.